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Answer:
Explanation:To determine which is a stronger base and which is a weaker base, you can use the following methods:
1. *pH value*: A stronger base has a higher pH value, while a weaker base has a lower pH value.
2. *Dissociation constant (Kb)*: A stronger base has a larger Kb value, while a weaker base has a smaller Kb value.
3. *Concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-)*: A stronger base produces a higher concentration of OH- ions, while a weaker base produces a lower concentration.
4. *Base strength order*: Memorize the common base strength order:
- Strongest: Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), Potassium hydroxide (KOH)
- Weaker: Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), Magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2)
- Weakest: Ammonia (NH3), Amines (RNH2)
For example:
- Compare sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and ammonia (NH3):
- NaOH is a stronger base (higher pH, larger Kb, higher OH- concentration)
- NH3 is a weaker base (lower pH, smaller Kb, lower OH- concentration)
Remember, the strength of a base is related to its ability to accept protons (H+) and produce hydroxide ions (OH-).
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