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Congenital hypothyroidism, Down syndrome, and Fragile X syndrome are intellectual disabilities with distinct causes and characteristics.
Congenital hypothyroidism is a type of intellectual disability that appears in infancy and is caused by an insufficient supply of thyroid hormones. This condition leads to stunted growth and intelligence, but it can be corrected with early thyroxine treatment. Thyroid hormones play a crucial role in brain development, and inadequate levels can result in mental growth impairments.
Another related disorder is Down syndrome, caused by the presence of an extra 21st chromosome, resulting in intellectual disabilities and distinctive physical features. Lastly, Fragile X syndrome is a genetic disorder that predominantly affects males, leading to intellectual disability with notable impact on expressive language skills.
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