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The table shows the temperature of an amount of water set on a stove to boil, recorded every half minute.

Waiting for Water to Boil

\begin{tabular}{|l|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
Time [tex]\((\text{min})\)[/tex] & 0 & 0.5 & 1.0 & 1.5 & 2.0 & 2.5 & 3.0 & 3.5 & 4 & 4.5 \\
\hline
Temp. [tex]\(({}^{\circ}C)\)[/tex] & 75 & 79 & 83 & 86 & 89 & 91 & 93 & 94 & 95 & 95.5 \\
\hline
\end{tabular}

According to the line of best fit, at what time will the temperature reach [tex]\(100^{\circ}C\)[/tex], the boiling point of water?

A. 5 min
B. 5.5 min
C. 6 min
D. 6.5 min


Sagot :

To determine at what time the temperature will reach [tex]$100^\circ C$[/tex], we can use the line of best fit for the given data. Here is a step-by-step explanation:

1. Gather Data: The recorded times (in minutes) and corresponding temperatures (in degrees Celsius) are:
- Time (minutes): [tex]\([0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4, 4.5]\)[/tex]
- Temperature (°C): [tex]\([75, 79, 83, 86, 89, 91, 93, 94, 95, 95.5]\)[/tex]

2. Calculate the Line of Best Fit: The line of best fit for this data takes the form [tex]\( y = mx + b \)[/tex], where:
- [tex]\( y \)[/tex] is the temperature
- [tex]\( x \)[/tex] is the time
- [tex]\( m \)[/tex] is the slope of the line
- [tex]\( b \)[/tex] is the y-intercept

3. Find the Slope and Intercept: Through analysis of the dataset:
- The slope ([tex]\(m\)[/tex]) of the line of best fit is approximately [tex]\(4.539\)[/tex].
- The y-intercept ([tex]\(b\)[/tex]) is approximately [tex]\(77.836\)[/tex].

4. Formulate the Line of Best Fit Equation:
[tex]\[ \text{Temperature} = 4.539 \cdot \text{Time} + 77.836 \][/tex]

5. Determine the Time for [tex]$100^\circ C$[/tex]: We need to find the time ([tex]\(t\)[/tex]) when the temperature ([tex]\(T\)[/tex]) reaches [tex]\(100^\circ C\)[/tex]. Substitute [tex]\(T = 100\)[/tex] into the line of best fit equation:
[tex]\[ 100 = 4.539 \cdot t + 77.836 \][/tex]

6. Solve for [tex]\(t\)[/tex]:
[tex]\[ 100 = 4.539 \cdot t + 77.836 \][/tex]
[tex]\[ 100 - 77.836 = 4.539 \cdot t \][/tex]
[tex]\[ 22.164 = 4.539 \cdot t \][/tex]
[tex]\[ t = \frac{22.164}{4.539} \][/tex]
[tex]\[ t \approx 4.883 \, \text{minutes} \][/tex]

Therefore, the temperature will reach [tex]\(100^\circ C\)[/tex] at approximately [tex]\(4.883\)[/tex] minutes. Interpreting this in terms of the given multiple choice answers:
- The time is approximately 4.88 minutes, which is closest to 5 minutes.

So, according to the line of best fit, the time when the temperature will reach [tex]\(100^\circ C\)[/tex] is 5 minutes.
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