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James Prescott Joule's experiments disproved the caloric theory by demonstrating the direct conversion of mechanical energy into thermal energy.
James Prescott Joule's experiments to determine the mechanical equivalent of heat provided evidence that challenged the caloric theory. By using a system of weights to stir water and measuring the mechanical energy deficit, he established the direct conversion of mechanical energy into thermal energy, thus disproving the idea of caloric as a weightless fluid.
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