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Most fertilizers contain ammonia [tex]$\left( NH _3\right)$[/tex]. Ammonia forms when hydrogen reacts with nitrogen. Which equation correctly represents the chemical reaction that forms ammonia?

A. [tex]$3 H _2+ N _2 \rightarrow NH _3$[/tex]

B. [tex]$H _2+ N _2 \rightarrow 2 NH _3$[/tex]

C. [tex]$H _2+ N _2 \rightarrow NH _3$[/tex]

D. [tex]$3 H _2+ N _2 \rightarrow 2 NH _3$[/tex]


Sagot :

To determine the correct chemical equation representing the formation of ammonia ([tex]\( NH_3 \)[/tex]), we need to balance the chemical reaction between hydrogen ([tex]\( H_2 \)[/tex]) and nitrogen ([tex]\( N_2 \)[/tex]).

Here's the detailed step-by-step process:

1. Write the unbalanced reaction:
[tex]\[ H_2 + N_2 \rightarrow NH_3 \][/tex]

2. Identify the number of atoms of each element on both reactant and product sides:
- Reactants: [tex]\( H_2 \)[/tex] (hydrogen) and [tex]\( N_2 \)[/tex] (nitrogen)
- Products: [tex]\( NH_3 \)[/tex] (ammonia)

3. Start by balancing the nitrogen atoms:
[tex]\[ N_2 \rightarrow 2 \, NH_3 \][/tex]
This gives us:
[tex]\[ N_2 \rightarrow 2 \, NH_3 \][/tex]
Now we have 2 nitrogen atoms on both sides (1 molecule of [tex]\( N_2 \)[/tex] has 2 nitrogen atoms, and 2 molecules of [tex]\( NH_3 \)[/tex] also have 2 nitrogen atoms).

4. Next, balance the hydrogen atoms:
- Each molecule of [tex]\( NH_3 \)[/tex] has 3 hydrogen atoms.
- We have 2 molecules of [tex]\( NH_3 \)[/tex], so we need [tex]\( 2 \times 3 = 6 \)[/tex] hydrogen atoms.

Thus, we require 3 molecules of [tex]\( H_2 \)[/tex] to get 6 hydrogen atoms:
[tex]\[ 3H_2 + N_2 \rightarrow 2NH_3 \][/tex]

5. Verify the balanced equation:
- Reactants: 3 molecules of [tex]\( H_2 \)[/tex] give 6 hydrogen atoms, and 1 molecule of [tex]\( N_2 \)[/tex] gives 2 nitrogen atoms.
- Products: 2 molecules of [tex]\( NH_3 \)[/tex] give 6 hydrogen atoms (3 hydrogen atoms per molecule) and 2 nitrogen atoms (1 nitrogen atom per molecule).

Both sides have 6 hydrogen atoms and 2 nitrogen atoms, confirming that the equation is correctly balanced.

Thus, the correct balanced chemical equation for the formation of ammonia is:

[tex]\[ 3H_2 + N_2 \rightarrow 2NH_3 \][/tex]

Therefore, the correct option is:
D. [tex]\( 3H_2 + N_2 \rightarrow 2NH_3 \)[/tex]