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(a) State three physical properties of hydrogen.

(b) Given the elements fluorine, iodine, chlorine, and bromine:
(i) Name the group to which they belong in the periodic table.
(ii) Which of them is the least reactive?
(iii) Which of them is solid at room temperature?

(c)
(i) Name two cations that can cause hardness of water.
(ii) Give two methods of removal of permanent hardness of water.

(d)
(i) State the acid-base titration that uses the following indicators:
(1) Methyl orange
(2) Phenolphthalein
(ii) Give one example each of the following salts:
(1) Hydrated
(2) Acidic
(3) Basic

(e)
(i) Arrange the following isomers in decreasing order of boiling points:
2-methylbutane, pentane, and 2,2-dimethylpropane
(ii) Write the IUPAC name of the following compounds:
(1) [tex]\(\text{CH}_3-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}-\text{CH}_2-\text{Br}\)[/tex]
[tex]\(\text{CH}_3\)[/tex]
[tex]\(\text{CH}_3\)[/tex]
(2) [tex]\(\text{CH}_3-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}-\text{CH}_3\)[/tex]
[tex]\(\text{CH}_2\text{OH}\)[/tex]

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Final answer:

The answer addresses physical properties of hydrogen, characteristics of group 17 elements, cations causing water hardness, methods of water hardness removal, acid-base titration, halogens reactivity, boiling points of isomers, and IUPAC names of compounds.


Explanation:

Physical Properties of Hydrogen:

  1. Colorless and odorless gas
  2. Low density
  3. Highly flammable

Group 17 Elements:

  1. Group: Halogens
  2. Least Reactive: Iodine
  3. Solid at Room Temperature: Iodine

Cations Causing Hardness of Water: Calcium (Ca2+) and Magnesium (Mg2+)

Methods of Removal of Permanent Hardness of Water: Ion exchange resin and boiling

Halogen Reactivity: Fluorine & Chlorine are gases at room temperature, Bromine is liquid, and Iodine is solid due to increased molecular mass.

Boiling Points of Isomers in Decreasing Order: 2,2-dimethylpropane, 2-methylbutane, pentane

IUPAC Names of Compounds:
(1) 1-bromo-butane and propan-1-ol

(II) 2-methylbutane


Learn more about Properties of hydrogen, group 17 elements, water hardness, halogens, isomers, IUPAC nomenclature here:

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