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Isotonic solutions prevent cell swelling or shrinking, while hypotonic solutions cause cell swelling due to water influx. Hypertonic solutions lead to cell shrinkage as water exits the cell.
Isotonic Solutions: In an isotonic solution, the extracellular fluid has the same osmolarity as the cell, resulting in no net movement of water into or out of the cell. This balance prevents the cell from swelling or shrinking.
Water Movement: In an hypotonic solution with lower osmolarity outside the cell, water enters the cell due to the concentration gradient, causing it to swell. Conversely, in a hypertonic solution, with higher osmolarity outside, water exits the cell, leading to cell shrinkage.
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