To determine which region exhibits an overall negative rate of growth in stage 4 according to the demographic transition model, we need to analyze the birth and death rates provided for each region. The rate of natural increase is calculated by subtracting the death rate from the birth rate. Here are the steps for each region:
1. South Asia:
- Birth rate = 22 per 1,000 population
- Death rate = 6 per 1,000 population
- Growth rate = Birth rate - Death rate = 22 - 6 = 16 per 1,000 population
2. Eastern Europe:
- Birth rate = 11 per 1,000 population
- Death rate = 13 per 1,000 population
- Growth rate = Birth rate - Death rate = 11 - 13 = -2 per 1,000 population
3. North America:
- Birth rate = 14 per 1,000 population
- Death rate = 7 per 1,000 population
- Growth rate = Birth rate - Death rate = 14 - 7 = 7 per 1,000 population
4. East Asia:
- Birth rate = 12 per 1,000 population
- Death rate = 7 per 1,000 population
- Growth rate = Birth rate - Death rate = 12 - 7 = 5 per 1,000 population
5. North Africa:
- Birth rate = 28 per 1,000 population
- Death rate = Not provided
- Growth rate cannot be calculated due to missing death rate data
Based on these calculations, the region with an overall negative rate of growth is Eastern Europe with a growth rate of -2 per 1,000 population. This means that in 2017, Eastern Europe had more deaths than births per 1,000 population, leading to a reduction in population size.
Therefore, Eastern Europe is best described as exhibiting overall negative rates of growth in stage 4 of the demographic transition model.
