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The lysogenic cycle is a process where a virus integrates its genetic material into a host cell without destroying it, forming a prophage. This cycle allows the virus to replicate with the host cell and can be triggered to enter the lytic cycle under certain conditions.
The process described, where a virus infects a host cell and incorporates its genetic material into the host genome without destroying it, is known as lysogenic cycle. During this cycle, the viral DNA becomes a part of the host cell's DNA and gets replicated alongside the host cell without causing immediate harm.
In the lysogenic cycle, the viral DNA that integrates into the host genome is termed prophage. An example of a virus that follows the lysogenic cycle is the bacteriophage λ (lambda) which infects E. coli bacteria.
Environmental stressors can trigger the prophage to excise from the host genome and enter the lytic cycle, where it replicates and causes the host cell to lyse.
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