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Proteins have four levels of structure, with the tertiary level being three-dimensional and crucial for understanding specific protein functions.
Tertiary: The third level of protein structure is three-dimensional. As the different side chains of amino acids chemically interact, they either repel or attract each other, resulting in the folded structure. Thus, the specific sequence of amino acids in a protein directs the protein to fold into a specific, organized shape.
Quaternary: The fourth level of structure is achieved when protein fragments called peptides combine to make one larger functional protein. The protein hemoglobin is an example of a protein that has quaternary structure. It is composed of four peptides that bond together to form a functional oxygen carrier.
A protein's tertiary structure is the shape in which the entire protein chain folds together in three-dimensional space, and it is this level of structure that provides protein scientists with the most information about a protein's specific function.
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