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Which best describes the transformation from the graph of [tex][tex]$f(x)=x^2$[/tex][/tex] to the graph of [tex]$f(x)=(x-3)^2-1$[/tex]?

A. left 3 units, down 1 unit
B. left 3 units, up 1 unit
C. right 3 units, down 1 unit
D. right 3 units, up 1 unit


Sagot :

To determine the transformation from the graph of [tex]\( f(x) = x^2 \)[/tex] to the graph of [tex]\( f(x) = (x-3)^2 - 1 \)[/tex], we follow these steps:

1. Horizontal Shift:
- The term [tex]\((x-3)\)[/tex] inside the square function indicates a horizontal shift.
- Specifically, [tex]\(x-3\)[/tex] means we shift the graph to the right by 3 units.

2. Vertical Shift:
- The [tex]\(-1\)[/tex] outside of the square function affects the vertical position of the graph.
- A [tex]\(-1\)[/tex] indicates we move the graph down by 1 unit.

Combining these shifts:
- The graph of [tex]\( f(x) = x^2 \)[/tex] shifts right 3 units and down 1 unit to get the graph of [tex]\( f(x) = (x-3)^2 - 1 \)[/tex].

Therefore, the best description of the transformation is:
- Right 3 units, down 1 unit.

Hence, the correct answer is: right 3 units, down 1 unit.
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