To understand whether crude oil and the listed hydrocarbons are elements, compounds, or mixtures, let's break down each component:
1. Crude oil:
- Classification: Mixture
- Reasoning: Crude oil is a complex mixture containing many different types of hydrocarbons and other substances. It is not a single substance with a fixed composition but rather a combination of multiple compounds.
2. Butane [tex]$\left( C_4H_{10} \right)$[/tex]:
- Classification: Compound
- Reasoning: Butane is made up of four carbon atoms and ten hydrogen atoms chemically bonded together in a definite ratio. It has a specific chemical formula, [tex]$C_4H_{10}$[/tex], indicating that it is a compound.
3. Dodecane [tex]$\left( C_{12}H_{26} \right)$[/tex]:
- Classification: Compound
- Reasoning: Dodecane consists of twelve carbon atoms and twenty-six hydrogen atoms bonded together in a specific ratio and arrangement, which makes it a compound with a definite chemical formula, [tex]$C_{12}H_{26}$[/tex].
4. Octane [tex]$\left( C_8H_{18} \right)$[/tex]:
- Classification: Compound
- Reasoning: Octane is composed of eight carbon atoms and eighteen hydrogen atoms bonded together in a specific fixed ratio, as represented by its chemical formula, [tex]$C_8H_{18}$[/tex]. Thus, it is classified as a compound.
5. Benzene [tex]$\left( C_6H_6 \right)$[/tex]:
- Classification: Compound
- Reasoning: Benzene consists of six carbon atoms and six hydrogen atoms bonded together in a specific arrangement, represented by its chemical formula, [tex]$C_6H_6$[/tex]. This fixed ratio of atoms characterizes benzene as a compound.
Summary:
- Crude oil is a mixture because it contains numerous different hydrocarbons and other substances combined physically.
- Butane, dodecane, octane, and benzene are all compounds because they consist of elements chemically bonded in fixed proportions, each represented by a specific chemical formula.
[tex]$\square$[/tex]
