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Mass and weight differ in physics. Kepler's laws aided Newton in his gravitational discoveries.
Mass refers to the amount of matter in an object, while weight is the force exerted on an object due to gravity. The mass of an object remains constant regardless of its location, but weight varies depending on the gravitational field strength. For example, an object with a mass of 10 kg will have the same mass on Earth, Mars, or any other planet, but its weight will differ.
Free fall is the motion of an object solely under the influence of gravity. Acceleration due to gravity is the rate at which the velocity of an object changes due to gravity. Escape velocity is the minimum velocity an object must reach to overcome a celestial body's gravitational pull and enter space. Centripetal force is the force that keeps an object moving in a circular path.
Kepler's three laws describe planetary motion. These laws helped Newton formulate his law of universal gravitation and laws of motion. The laws state: (1) Planets move in elliptical orbits with the sun at one focus. (2) A line segment joining a planet and the sun sweeps out equal areas in equal intervals of time. (3) The square of the orbital period of a planet is proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis of its orbit.
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