To determine the molar masses of each given compound, use their molecular formulas and atomic masses of each element. Let's proceed step-by-step for each compound.
1. Sodium Hydroxide [tex]\((NaOH)\)[/tex]:
- Sodium (Na): Atomic mass = 22.99 g/mol
- Oxygen (O): Atomic mass = 16.00 g/mol
- Hydrogen (H): Atomic mass = 1.01 g/mol
Molar mass of [tex]\(NaOH\)[/tex]:
[tex]\[
22.99\ \text{(Na)} + 16.00\ \text{(O)} + 1.01\ \text{(H)} = 40.00\ g/mol
\][/tex]
2. Water [tex]\((H_2O)\)[/tex]:
- Hydrogen (H): Atomic mass = 1.01 g/mol (2 atoms)
- Oxygen (O): Atomic mass = 16.00 g/mol (1 atom)
Molar mass of [tex]\(H_2O\)[/tex]:
[tex]\[
2 \times 1.01\ \text{(H)} + 16.00\ \text{(O)} = 2.02 + 16.00 = 18.02\ g/mol
\][/tex]
3. Glucose [tex]\((C_6H_{12}O_6)\)[/tex]:
- Carbon (C): Atomic mass = 12.01 g/mol (6 atoms)
- Hydrogen (H): Atomic mass = 1.01 g/mol (12 atoms)
- Oxygen (O): Atomic mass = 16.00 g/mol (6 atoms)
Molar mass of [tex]\(C_6H_{12}O_6\)[/tex]:
[tex]\[
6 \times 12.01\ \text{(C)} + 12 \times 1.01\ \text{(H)} + 6 \times 16.00\ \text{(O)}
\][/tex]
[tex]\[
72.06 + 12.12 + 96.00 = 180.18\ g/mol
\][/tex]
4. Calcium Sulfate [tex]\((CaSO_4)\)[/tex]:
- Calcium (Ca): Atomic mass = 40.08 g/mol
- Sulfur (S): Atomic mass = 32.06 g/mol
- Oxygen (O): Atomic mass = 16.00 g/mol (4 atoms)
Molar mass of [tex]\(CaSO_4\)[/tex]:
[tex]\[
40.08\ \text{(Ca)} + 32.06\ \text{(S)} + 4 \times 16.00\ \text{(O)}
\][/tex]
[tex]\[
40.08 + 32.06 + 64.00 = 136.14\ g/mol
\][/tex]
5. Magnesium Phosphate [tex]\((Mg_3(PO_4)_2)\)[/tex]:
- Magnesium (Mg): Atomic mass = 24.30 g/mol (3 atoms)
- Phosphorus (P): Atomic mass = 30.97 g/mol (2 atoms)
- Oxygen (O): Atomic mass = 16.00 g/mol (8 atoms)
Molar mass of [tex]\(Mg_3(PO_4)_2\)[/tex]:
[tex]\[
3 \times 24.30\ \text{(Mg)} + 2 \times 30.97\ \text{(P)} + 8 \times 16.00\ \text{(O)}
\][/tex]
[tex]\[
72.90 + 61.94 + 128.00 = 262.84\ g/mol
\][/tex]
Hence, the molar masses are:
- Sodium hydroxide [tex]\((NaOH)\)[/tex]: [tex]\(40.00\ g/mol\)[/tex]
- Water [tex]\((H_2O)\)[/tex]: [tex]\(18.02\ g/mol\)[/tex]
- Glucose [tex]\((C_6H_{12}O_6)\)[/tex]: [tex]\(180.18\ g/mol\)[/tex]
- Calcium sulfate [tex]\((CaSO_4)\)[/tex]: [tex]\(136.14\ g/mol\)[/tex]
- Magnesium phosphate [tex]\((Mg_3(PO_4)_2)\)[/tex]: [tex]\(262.84\ g/mol\)[/tex]
