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Let's change each given word equation into a balanced chemical equation. Here are the steps for converting each word equation into its corresponding balanced chemical equation:
a. Nitrogen + Hydrogen → Ammonia
Step-by-step:
1. Identify the chemical formulas:
- Nitrogen: [tex]\( \text{N}_2 \)[/tex]
- Hydrogen: [tex]\( \text{H}_2 \)[/tex]
- Ammonia: [tex]\( \text{NH}_3 \)[/tex]
2. Write the skeleton equation:
[tex]\[ \text{N}_2 + \text{H}_2 \rightarrow \text{NH}_3 \][/tex]
3. Balance the equation:
- There are 2 nitrogen atoms on the reactant side, so we need 2 ammonia molecules to balance the nitrogen atoms.
- There are 6 hydrogen atoms on the product side (2 NH[tex]\(_3 \times \)[/tex] 3 H atoms), so we need 3 hydrogen molecules to balance the hydrogen atoms.
Balanced equation:
[tex]\[ \text{N}_2 + 3\text{H}_2 \rightarrow 2\text{NH}_3 \][/tex]
b. Sodium + Oxygen → Sodium oxide
Step-by-step:
1. Identify the chemical formulas:
- Sodium: [tex]\( \text{Na} \)[/tex]
- Oxygen: [tex]\( \text{O}_2 \)[/tex]
- Sodium oxide: [tex]\( \text{Na}_2\text{O} \)[/tex]
2. Write the skeleton equation:
[tex]\[ \text{Na} + \text{O}_2 \rightarrow \text{Na}_2\text{O} \][/tex]
3. Balance the equation:
- Balance sodium atoms: We need 4 sodium atoms in reactants to balance with 2 [tex]\(\text{Na}_2\text{O}\)[/tex] molecules.
- There are 2 oxygen atoms on the reactant side and 2 oxygen atoms on the product side.
Balanced equation:
[tex]\[ 4\text{Na} + \text{O}_2 \rightarrow 2\text{Na}_2\text{O} \][/tex]
c. Magnesium + Nitrogen → Magnesium nitride
Step-by-step:
1. Identify the chemical formulas:
- Magnesium: [tex]\( \text{Mg} \)[/tex]
- Nitrogen: [tex]\( \text{N}_2 \)[/tex]
- Magnesium nitride: [tex]\( \text{Mg}_3\text{N}_2 \)[/tex]
2. Write the skeleton equation:
[tex]\[ \text{Mg} + \text{N}_2 \rightarrow \text{Mg}_3\text{N}_2 \][/tex]
3. Balance the equation:
- Balance magnesium atoms: We need 3 magnesium atoms in reactants for 1 [tex]\(\text{Mg}_3\text{N}_2\)[/tex] molecule.
- There are 2 nitrogen atoms on each side, already balanced.
Balanced equation:
[tex]\[ 3\text{Mg} + \text{N}_2 \rightarrow \text{Mg}_3\text{N}_2 \][/tex]
d. Calcium carbonate → Carbon dioxide + Calcium oxide
Step-by-step:
1. Identify the chemical formulas:
- Calcium carbonate: [tex]\( \text{CaCO}_3 \)[/tex]
- Carbon dioxide: [tex]\( \text{CO}_2 \)[/tex]
- Calcium oxide: [tex]\( \text{CaO} \)[/tex]
2. Write the skeleton equation:
[tex]\[ \text{CaCO}_3 \rightarrow \text{CO}_2 + \text{CaO} \][/tex]
3. Balance the equation:
- The equation is already balanced.
Balanced equation:
[tex]\[ \text{CaCO}_3 \rightarrow \text{CO}_2 + \text{CaO} \][/tex]
e. Zinc + Hydrochloric acid → Zinc chloride + Hydrogen
Step-by-step:
1. Identify the chemical formulas:
- Zinc: [tex]\( \text{Zn} \)[/tex]
- Hydrochloric acid: [tex]\( \text{HCl} \)[/tex]
- Zinc chloride: [tex]\( \text{ZnCl}_2 \)[/tex]
- Hydrogen: [tex]\( \text{H}_2 \)[/tex]
2. Write the skeleton equation:
[tex]\[ \text{Zn} + \text{HCl} \rightarrow \text{ZnCl}_2 + \text{H}_2 \][/tex]
3. Balance the equation:
- Balance chlorine atoms: We need 2 HCl for every [tex]\(\text{ZnCl}_2\)[/tex].
- Balance hydrogen atoms: 2 hydrogen atoms from 2 HCl and 2 atoms in [tex]\(\text{H}_2\)[/tex].
Balanced equation:
[tex]\[ \text{Zn} + 2\text{HCl} \rightarrow \text{ZnCl}_2 + \text{H}_2 \][/tex]
f. Aluminium + Nitrogen → Aluminium nitride
Step-by-step:
1. Identify the chemical formulas:
- Aluminium: [tex]\( \text{Al} \)[/tex]
- Nitrogen: [tex]\( \text{N}_2 \)[/tex]
- Aluminium nitride: [tex]\( \text{AlN} \)[/tex]
2. Write the skeleton equation:
[tex]\[ \text{Al} + \text{N}_2 \rightarrow \text{AlN} \][/tex]
3. Balance the equation:
- Balance aluminium atoms: We need 2 Al for every 2 AlN molecules.
- Balance nitrogen atoms: Already balanced with 2 AlN molecules.
Balanced equation:
[tex]\[ 2\text{Al} + \text{N}_2 \rightarrow 2\text{AlN} \][/tex]
g. Potassium + Chlorine → Potassium chloride
Step-by-step:
1. Identify the chemical formulas:
- Potassium: [tex]\( \text{K} \)[/tex]
- Chlorine: [tex]\( \text{Cl}_2 \)[/tex]
- Potassium chloride: [tex]\( \text{KCl} \)[/tex]
2. Write the skeleton equation:
[tex]\[ \text{K} + \text{Cl}_2 \rightarrow \text{KCl} \][/tex]
3. Balance the equation:
- Balance potassium atoms: We need 2 K for every 2 KCl molecules.
- Balance chlorine atoms: Already balanced with 2 KCl molecules.
Balanced equation:
[tex]\[ 2\text{K} + \text{Cl}_2 \rightarrow 2\text{KCl} \][/tex]
h. Hydrogen + Chlorine → Hydrogen chloride
Step-by-step:
1. Identify the chemical formulas:
- Hydrogen: [tex]\( \text{H}_2 \)[/tex]
- Chlorine: [tex]\( \text{Cl}_2 \)[/tex]
- Hydrogen chloride: [tex]\( \text{HCl} \)[/tex]
2. Write the skeleton equation:
[tex]\[ \text{H}_2 + \text{Cl}_2 \rightarrow \text{HCl} \][/tex]
3. Balance the equation:
- The equation needs 2 HCl molecules to balance the hydrogen and chlorine atoms.
Balanced equation:
[tex]\[ \text{H}_2 + \text{Cl}_2 \rightarrow 2\text{HCl} \][/tex]
These steps provide balanced chemical equations for each word equation given.
a. Nitrogen + Hydrogen → Ammonia
Step-by-step:
1. Identify the chemical formulas:
- Nitrogen: [tex]\( \text{N}_2 \)[/tex]
- Hydrogen: [tex]\( \text{H}_2 \)[/tex]
- Ammonia: [tex]\( \text{NH}_3 \)[/tex]
2. Write the skeleton equation:
[tex]\[ \text{N}_2 + \text{H}_2 \rightarrow \text{NH}_3 \][/tex]
3. Balance the equation:
- There are 2 nitrogen atoms on the reactant side, so we need 2 ammonia molecules to balance the nitrogen atoms.
- There are 6 hydrogen atoms on the product side (2 NH[tex]\(_3 \times \)[/tex] 3 H atoms), so we need 3 hydrogen molecules to balance the hydrogen atoms.
Balanced equation:
[tex]\[ \text{N}_2 + 3\text{H}_2 \rightarrow 2\text{NH}_3 \][/tex]
b. Sodium + Oxygen → Sodium oxide
Step-by-step:
1. Identify the chemical formulas:
- Sodium: [tex]\( \text{Na} \)[/tex]
- Oxygen: [tex]\( \text{O}_2 \)[/tex]
- Sodium oxide: [tex]\( \text{Na}_2\text{O} \)[/tex]
2. Write the skeleton equation:
[tex]\[ \text{Na} + \text{O}_2 \rightarrow \text{Na}_2\text{O} \][/tex]
3. Balance the equation:
- Balance sodium atoms: We need 4 sodium atoms in reactants to balance with 2 [tex]\(\text{Na}_2\text{O}\)[/tex] molecules.
- There are 2 oxygen atoms on the reactant side and 2 oxygen atoms on the product side.
Balanced equation:
[tex]\[ 4\text{Na} + \text{O}_2 \rightarrow 2\text{Na}_2\text{O} \][/tex]
c. Magnesium + Nitrogen → Magnesium nitride
Step-by-step:
1. Identify the chemical formulas:
- Magnesium: [tex]\( \text{Mg} \)[/tex]
- Nitrogen: [tex]\( \text{N}_2 \)[/tex]
- Magnesium nitride: [tex]\( \text{Mg}_3\text{N}_2 \)[/tex]
2. Write the skeleton equation:
[tex]\[ \text{Mg} + \text{N}_2 \rightarrow \text{Mg}_3\text{N}_2 \][/tex]
3. Balance the equation:
- Balance magnesium atoms: We need 3 magnesium atoms in reactants for 1 [tex]\(\text{Mg}_3\text{N}_2\)[/tex] molecule.
- There are 2 nitrogen atoms on each side, already balanced.
Balanced equation:
[tex]\[ 3\text{Mg} + \text{N}_2 \rightarrow \text{Mg}_3\text{N}_2 \][/tex]
d. Calcium carbonate → Carbon dioxide + Calcium oxide
Step-by-step:
1. Identify the chemical formulas:
- Calcium carbonate: [tex]\( \text{CaCO}_3 \)[/tex]
- Carbon dioxide: [tex]\( \text{CO}_2 \)[/tex]
- Calcium oxide: [tex]\( \text{CaO} \)[/tex]
2. Write the skeleton equation:
[tex]\[ \text{CaCO}_3 \rightarrow \text{CO}_2 + \text{CaO} \][/tex]
3. Balance the equation:
- The equation is already balanced.
Balanced equation:
[tex]\[ \text{CaCO}_3 \rightarrow \text{CO}_2 + \text{CaO} \][/tex]
e. Zinc + Hydrochloric acid → Zinc chloride + Hydrogen
Step-by-step:
1. Identify the chemical formulas:
- Zinc: [tex]\( \text{Zn} \)[/tex]
- Hydrochloric acid: [tex]\( \text{HCl} \)[/tex]
- Zinc chloride: [tex]\( \text{ZnCl}_2 \)[/tex]
- Hydrogen: [tex]\( \text{H}_2 \)[/tex]
2. Write the skeleton equation:
[tex]\[ \text{Zn} + \text{HCl} \rightarrow \text{ZnCl}_2 + \text{H}_2 \][/tex]
3. Balance the equation:
- Balance chlorine atoms: We need 2 HCl for every [tex]\(\text{ZnCl}_2\)[/tex].
- Balance hydrogen atoms: 2 hydrogen atoms from 2 HCl and 2 atoms in [tex]\(\text{H}_2\)[/tex].
Balanced equation:
[tex]\[ \text{Zn} + 2\text{HCl} \rightarrow \text{ZnCl}_2 + \text{H}_2 \][/tex]
f. Aluminium + Nitrogen → Aluminium nitride
Step-by-step:
1. Identify the chemical formulas:
- Aluminium: [tex]\( \text{Al} \)[/tex]
- Nitrogen: [tex]\( \text{N}_2 \)[/tex]
- Aluminium nitride: [tex]\( \text{AlN} \)[/tex]
2. Write the skeleton equation:
[tex]\[ \text{Al} + \text{N}_2 \rightarrow \text{AlN} \][/tex]
3. Balance the equation:
- Balance aluminium atoms: We need 2 Al for every 2 AlN molecules.
- Balance nitrogen atoms: Already balanced with 2 AlN molecules.
Balanced equation:
[tex]\[ 2\text{Al} + \text{N}_2 \rightarrow 2\text{AlN} \][/tex]
g. Potassium + Chlorine → Potassium chloride
Step-by-step:
1. Identify the chemical formulas:
- Potassium: [tex]\( \text{K} \)[/tex]
- Chlorine: [tex]\( \text{Cl}_2 \)[/tex]
- Potassium chloride: [tex]\( \text{KCl} \)[/tex]
2. Write the skeleton equation:
[tex]\[ \text{K} + \text{Cl}_2 \rightarrow \text{KCl} \][/tex]
3. Balance the equation:
- Balance potassium atoms: We need 2 K for every 2 KCl molecules.
- Balance chlorine atoms: Already balanced with 2 KCl molecules.
Balanced equation:
[tex]\[ 2\text{K} + \text{Cl}_2 \rightarrow 2\text{KCl} \][/tex]
h. Hydrogen + Chlorine → Hydrogen chloride
Step-by-step:
1. Identify the chemical formulas:
- Hydrogen: [tex]\( \text{H}_2 \)[/tex]
- Chlorine: [tex]\( \text{Cl}_2 \)[/tex]
- Hydrogen chloride: [tex]\( \text{HCl} \)[/tex]
2. Write the skeleton equation:
[tex]\[ \text{H}_2 + \text{Cl}_2 \rightarrow \text{HCl} \][/tex]
3. Balance the equation:
- The equation needs 2 HCl molecules to balance the hydrogen and chlorine atoms.
Balanced equation:
[tex]\[ \text{H}_2 + \text{Cl}_2 \rightarrow 2\text{HCl} \][/tex]
These steps provide balanced chemical equations for each word equation given.
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