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Phosphoric acid, when dissolved in water, forms conjugate bases such as hydrogen phosphate ion and phosphate ion, making it an effective buffer system.
When phosphoric acid is dissolved in water, it forms conjugate bases through losing protons. The conjugate acid that is formed from phosphoric acid is hydrogen phosphate ion (H₂PO₄), dihydrogen phosphate ion (HPO₄²⁻), and phosphate ion (PO₄³⁻). These conjugate bases can act as buffers due to the multiple dissociation constants of phosphoric acid.
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