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Deuterium is an isotope of hydrogen. The nucleus of a deuterium atom consists of one proton and one neutron. When two deuterium nuclei fuse, helium-3 is formed, and a neutron is emitted. Which equation illustrates this process?

A. [tex]2 H_2 + O_2 \rightarrow 2 H_2 O[/tex]
B. [tex]{ }_2^2 H \rightarrow { }_1^3 H + { }_1^1 H[/tex]
C. [tex]2 { }_1^1 H \rightarrow { }_1^2 H + { }_1^0 e[/tex]
D. [tex]2_1^2 H \rightarrow { }_2^3 He + { }_0^1 n[/tex]


Sagot :

In this nuclear fusion process, we are looking at the fusion of two deuterium nuclei to form helium-3 and release a neutron.

Let's break down the key components described in the problem:

1. Deuterium ( [tex]\(_1^2 \text{H} \)[/tex]):
- Each deuterium nucleus contains one proton and one neutron.
2. Fusion Reaction Outcome:
- When two deuterium nuclei fuse, a helium-3 ([tex]\(_2^3 \text{He} \)[/tex]) nucleus and a neutron ([tex]\(_0^1 \text{n} \)[/tex]) are produced.
- Helium-3 nucleus contains 2 protons and 1 neutron.
3. Equation Representation:
- The equation to represent the process should show two deuterium nuclei on the reactant side transforming into a helium-3 nucleus and a free neutron on the product side.

Now, evaluate the options given:

1. [tex]\(2 H _2 + O _2 \rightarrow 2 H _2 O\)[/tex]
- This is a chemical reaction representing the formation of water and not a nuclear fusion reaction.

2. [tex]\(_2^2 H \rightarrow{ }_1^3 H +{ }_1^1 H\)[/tex]
- This suggests a transformation into tritium ([tex]\(_1^3 \text{H} \)[/tex]) and a proton ([tex]\(_1^1 \text{H} \)[/tex]), which is not the process described.

3. [tex]\(2{ }_1^1 H \rightarrow{ }_1^2 H +{ }_1^0 e\)[/tex]
- This equation is incorrect because deuterium is [tex]\(_1^2 \text{H}\)[/tex] not [tex]\(_1^1 \text{H}\)[/tex], and it does not form helium-3.

4. [tex]\(_1^2 H +{ }_1^2 H \rightarrow{ }_2^3 He +{ }_0^1 n\)[/tex]
- This correctly illustrates the fusion reaction where two deuterium nuclei collide to form a helium-3 nucleus and a neutron.

Thus, the equation that illustrates the described fusion process is:

[tex]\[2_1^2 H \rightarrow{ }_2^3 He +{ }_0^1 n\][/tex]

This option correctly represents the nuclear reaction where two deuterium nuclei fuse to form a helium-3 nucleus and a neutron.