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Hypertonic, hypotonic, and tonicity describe the concentration of solutes inside and outside of a cell, impacting the movement of water and the cell's condition.
Hypertonic refers to a greater concentration. In biology, a hypertonic solution is one with a higher concentration of solutes outside the cell than inside the cell. When a cell is immersed into a hypertonic solution, the tendency is for water to flow out of the cell to balance the concentration of solutes.
In contrast, in a hypotonic solution, the extracellular fluid has a lower concentration of solutes than the fluid inside the cell, leading to water entering the cell. This may cause an animal cell to burst or lyse.
Tonicity describes the amount of solute in a solution, and the terms hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic are used to relate the osmolarity of a cell to the extracellular fluid's osmolarity that contains the cells.
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