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To determine which elements can likely form ions with multiple charges based on their electron configurations, let's analyze each element:
1. Zinc [tex]\([ Ar ] 3 d^{10} 4 s^2\)[/tex]:
- Zinc has a completely filled [tex]\(3d\)[/tex] subshell ([tex]\(3d^{10}\)[/tex]).
- This stable configuration makes zinc typically form a +2 ion by losing the two [tex]\(4s\)[/tex] electrons.
- Zinc does not commonly form ions with different charges.
2. Iron [tex]\([Ar] 3 d^6 4 s^2\)[/tex]:
- Iron has a partially filled [tex]\(3d\)[/tex] subshell ([tex]\(3d^6\)[/tex]).
- This configuration allows iron to lose different numbers of electrons, forming ions like [tex]\(Fe^{2+}\)[/tex] (by losing two [tex]\(4s\)[/tex] electrons) and [tex]\(Fe^{3+}\)[/tex] (by additionally losing one [tex]\(3d\)[/tex] electron).
- Hence, iron can form ions with multiple charges.
3. Sodium [tex]\([ Ne ] 3 s^1\)[/tex]:
- Sodium has a single electron in its [tex]\(3s\)[/tex] subshell ([tex]\(3s^1\)[/tex]).
- Sodium typically forms a +1 ion by losing this [tex]\(3s\)[/tex] electron.
- Sodium does not commonly form ions with different charges.
4. Cobalt [Ar] [tex]\(3 d^7 4 s^2\)[/tex]:
- Cobalt has a partially filled [tex]\(3d\)[/tex] subshell ([tex]\(3d^7\)[/tex]).
- Cobalt can lose varying numbers of electrons to form ions like [tex]\(Co^{2+}\)[/tex] (by losing two [tex]\(4s\)[/tex] electrons) and [tex]\(Co^{3+}\)[/tex] (by additionally losing one [tex]\(3d\)[/tex] electron).
- Therefore, cobalt can form ions with multiple charges.
5. Silver [tex]\(\left[K_r\right] 4 d^{10} 5 s^1\)[/tex]:
- Silver has a completely filled [tex]\(4d\)[/tex] subshell ([tex]\(4d^{10}\)[/tex]) and one [tex]\(5s\)[/tex] electron ([tex]\(5s^1\)[/tex]).
- Typically, silver forms a +1 ion by losing the single [tex]\(5s\)[/tex] electron.
- Silver does not commonly form ions with different charges.
Based on this analysis:
- Zinc does not typically form ions with multiple charges.
- Iron does form ions with multiple charges.
- Sodium does not typically form ions with multiple charges.
- Cobalt does form ions with multiple charges.
- Silver does not typically form ions with multiple charges.
Thus, the correct answers are:
- Iron [tex]\([Ar] 3 d^6 4 s^2\)[/tex]
- Cobalt [Ar] [tex]\(3 d^7 4 s^2\)[/tex]
1. Zinc [tex]\([ Ar ] 3 d^{10} 4 s^2\)[/tex]:
- Zinc has a completely filled [tex]\(3d\)[/tex] subshell ([tex]\(3d^{10}\)[/tex]).
- This stable configuration makes zinc typically form a +2 ion by losing the two [tex]\(4s\)[/tex] electrons.
- Zinc does not commonly form ions with different charges.
2. Iron [tex]\([Ar] 3 d^6 4 s^2\)[/tex]:
- Iron has a partially filled [tex]\(3d\)[/tex] subshell ([tex]\(3d^6\)[/tex]).
- This configuration allows iron to lose different numbers of electrons, forming ions like [tex]\(Fe^{2+}\)[/tex] (by losing two [tex]\(4s\)[/tex] electrons) and [tex]\(Fe^{3+}\)[/tex] (by additionally losing one [tex]\(3d\)[/tex] electron).
- Hence, iron can form ions with multiple charges.
3. Sodium [tex]\([ Ne ] 3 s^1\)[/tex]:
- Sodium has a single electron in its [tex]\(3s\)[/tex] subshell ([tex]\(3s^1\)[/tex]).
- Sodium typically forms a +1 ion by losing this [tex]\(3s\)[/tex] electron.
- Sodium does not commonly form ions with different charges.
4. Cobalt [Ar] [tex]\(3 d^7 4 s^2\)[/tex]:
- Cobalt has a partially filled [tex]\(3d\)[/tex] subshell ([tex]\(3d^7\)[/tex]).
- Cobalt can lose varying numbers of electrons to form ions like [tex]\(Co^{2+}\)[/tex] (by losing two [tex]\(4s\)[/tex] electrons) and [tex]\(Co^{3+}\)[/tex] (by additionally losing one [tex]\(3d\)[/tex] electron).
- Therefore, cobalt can form ions with multiple charges.
5. Silver [tex]\(\left[K_r\right] 4 d^{10} 5 s^1\)[/tex]:
- Silver has a completely filled [tex]\(4d\)[/tex] subshell ([tex]\(4d^{10}\)[/tex]) and one [tex]\(5s\)[/tex] electron ([tex]\(5s^1\)[/tex]).
- Typically, silver forms a +1 ion by losing the single [tex]\(5s\)[/tex] electron.
- Silver does not commonly form ions with different charges.
Based on this analysis:
- Zinc does not typically form ions with multiple charges.
- Iron does form ions with multiple charges.
- Sodium does not typically form ions with multiple charges.
- Cobalt does form ions with multiple charges.
- Silver does not typically form ions with multiple charges.
Thus, the correct answers are:
- Iron [tex]\([Ar] 3 d^6 4 s^2\)[/tex]
- Cobalt [Ar] [tex]\(3 d^7 4 s^2\)[/tex]
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