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Resource supply is the primary limiting factor that can affect birth rates and death rates in a population.
Resource supply is the most relevant limiting factor out of the options provided. When resources become limited, it can impact birth rates and increase death rates in a population, thus affecting growth. For example, if food availability decreases, it can lead to reduced birth rates and increased mortality.
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A. birth/death rate: These rates are more of a response to limiting factors than a limiting factor themselves.
B. immigration: While immigration can influence population size, it doesn’t inherently limit it.
C. available niche: This relates to the ecological roles that species can occupy, which is important but somewhat indirect as a limiting factor.
D. resource supply: This is the most direct limiting factor, as the availability of resources (like food, water, and habitat) fundamentally determines the carrying capacity of an environment for various species.