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Use the periodic table to identify the number of valence electrons available for bonding for each of the following elements.

C: [tex]$\qquad$[/tex] four [tex]$\square$[/tex]

H: [tex]$\qquad$[/tex] one [tex]$\square$[/tex]

N: [tex]$\qquad$[/tex] five [tex]$\square$[/tex]

O: [tex]$\qquad$[/tex] [tex]$\square$[/tex]

P: [tex]$\qquad$[/tex] [tex]$\square$[/tex]

Cl: [tex]$\qquad$[/tex] seven [tex]$\square$[/tex]

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GinnyAnsweridn
To identify the number of valence electrons available for bonding for each of the elements, we refer to their positions in the periodic table.

1. Carbon (C) - Carbon is in Group 14 of the periodic table. The elements in this group have four valence electrons.
- Therefore, Carbon (C) has four valence electrons.

2. Hydrogen (H) - Hydrogen belongs to Group 1 of the periodic table. The elements in this group have one valence electron.
- Therefore, Hydrogen (H) has one valence electron.

3. Nitrogen (N) - Nitrogen is found in Group 15 of the periodic table. The elements in this group have five valence electrons.
- Therefore, Nitrogen (N) has five valence electrons.

4. Oxygen (O) - Oxygen is in Group 16 of the periodic table. The elements in this group have six valence electrons.
- Therefore, Oxygen (O) has six valence electrons.

5. Phosphorus (P) - Phosphorus is also in Group 15 of the periodic table, like Nitrogen. Hence, it has five valence electrons.
- Therefore, Phosphorus (P) has five valence electrons.

6. Chlorine (Cl) - Chlorine is in Group 17 of the periodic table. The elements in this group have seven valence electrons.
- Therefore, Chlorine (Cl) has seven valence electrons.

In summary, the number of valence electrons for each of these elements is:

- C: four
- H: one
- N: five
- O: six
- P: five
- Cl: seven
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