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When ice melts, water molecules gain energy to transition from solid to liquid, leading to changes in density and structure. Sublimation allows certain substances to transition directly from solid to gas. Understanding these phase transitions is crucial in studying the behavior of different substances.
When ice transitions from a solid to a liquid state, the behavior of water molecules changes as they gain energy to overcome attractive forces holding them in the solid structure. The molecules in solid ice are closely packed in an ordered manner, but as heat is applied, they move apart, disrupting the hydrogen-bonded structure and eventually forming liquid water.
Water's solid form, ice, has a lower density than liquid water at its freezing point due to the disruption of the hydrogen-bonded structure during melting. The molecules in liquid water pack more closely, leading to an increase in density as the temperature rises above freezing.
Sublimation is a process where some substances transition directly from a solid to a gas phase without going through the liquid phase. Dry ice, a solid form of carbon dioxide, is a common example of a substance that undergoes sublimation.
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