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The answer explains the concepts of precision and accuracy in analytical processes, the types and functions of analytical samples, and the differences between systematic and random errors.
Quality of an analytical process: The two concepts used to describe the quality of an analytical process are precision and accuracy. Precision refers to the consistency of results when the same sample is measured multiple times, while accuracy measures how close the measured value is to the true value. The parameters used to express precision and accuracy are standard deviation for precision and error for accuracy.
Three analytical samples: The three types of analytical samples are calibration samples, used to create a calibration curve for accurate measurements; blank samples, used to account for contamination or background interference; and quality control samples, used to monitor the performance of the analytical method.
Systematic error vs. random error: Systematic error is a consistent deviation from the true value in the same direction and can be caused by faulty equipment or procedures. Random error, on the other hand, is unpredictable and causes results to scatter around the true value due to factors like fluctuations in environmental conditions or human error.
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