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Sagot :
Let's go through the solution step-by-step based on the given table and the questions:
### Question 1.1
a) The independent variable of this investigation
The independent variable is the variable that is controlled or manipulated in the investigation. In this case, looking at the table, the independent variable is represented by the first column which has the values 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, and 5000. The corresponding variable description is "x (in millions per mm)".
So, the independent variable is:
- x (in millions per mm)
b) The dependent variable of this investigation
The dependent variable is the one that responds to the change in the independent variable. It is typically what is being measured or observed. In the table provided, the second column represents the dependent variable with values 4.5, 5.2, 5.9, 6.4, and 7.5.
So, the dependent variable is:
- y
### Question 1.2
How could the scientist have increased the validity of this investigation?
To increase the validity of an investigation, a scientist can:
1. Increase the sample size: By including a greater number of data points, the results become more representative of the population being studied, reducing the impact of anomalies.
2. Repeat the experiments multiple times: This ensures that the results are consistent and reliable, reducing the likelihood that the findings are due to chance or external factors.
### Question 1.3
State one way in which the scientist ensured that this investigation is reliable
To ensure the reliability of an investigation, a scientist can use standardized measurement techniques. This means using the same method and tools for measurement throughout the experiment, making the results consistent and reproducible.
### Question 1.4
Suggest a possible reason why some athletes do not perform well at high altitudes as they do at sea level
A possible reason for the difference in athletic performance at high altitudes compared to sea level is:
- The lower oxygen availability at high altitudes: At higher altitudes, the air is thinner, meaning there is less oxygen available. This can lead to reduced oxygen intake, which in turn can impair aerobic performance, causing athletes to tire more easily and perform below their potential compared to when they are at sea level where oxygen levels are higher.
Let us summarize the answers:
1.1 a) The independent variable is:
- x (in millions per mm)
1.1 b) The dependent variable is:
- y
1.2 Two ways to increase the validity:
1. Increase the sample size
2. Repeat the experiments multiple times
1.3 One way to ensure reliability:
- Use standardized measurement techniques
1.4 Possible reason for reduced performance at high altitudes:
- The lower oxygen availability at high altitudes.
### Question 1.1
a) The independent variable of this investigation
The independent variable is the variable that is controlled or manipulated in the investigation. In this case, looking at the table, the independent variable is represented by the first column which has the values 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, and 5000. The corresponding variable description is "x (in millions per mm)".
So, the independent variable is:
- x (in millions per mm)
b) The dependent variable of this investigation
The dependent variable is the one that responds to the change in the independent variable. It is typically what is being measured or observed. In the table provided, the second column represents the dependent variable with values 4.5, 5.2, 5.9, 6.4, and 7.5.
So, the dependent variable is:
- y
### Question 1.2
How could the scientist have increased the validity of this investigation?
To increase the validity of an investigation, a scientist can:
1. Increase the sample size: By including a greater number of data points, the results become more representative of the population being studied, reducing the impact of anomalies.
2. Repeat the experiments multiple times: This ensures that the results are consistent and reliable, reducing the likelihood that the findings are due to chance or external factors.
### Question 1.3
State one way in which the scientist ensured that this investigation is reliable
To ensure the reliability of an investigation, a scientist can use standardized measurement techniques. This means using the same method and tools for measurement throughout the experiment, making the results consistent and reproducible.
### Question 1.4
Suggest a possible reason why some athletes do not perform well at high altitudes as they do at sea level
A possible reason for the difference in athletic performance at high altitudes compared to sea level is:
- The lower oxygen availability at high altitudes: At higher altitudes, the air is thinner, meaning there is less oxygen available. This can lead to reduced oxygen intake, which in turn can impair aerobic performance, causing athletes to tire more easily and perform below their potential compared to when they are at sea level where oxygen levels are higher.
Let us summarize the answers:
1.1 a) The independent variable is:
- x (in millions per mm)
1.1 b) The dependent variable is:
- y
1.2 Two ways to increase the validity:
1. Increase the sample size
2. Repeat the experiments multiple times
1.3 One way to ensure reliability:
- Use standardized measurement techniques
1.4 Possible reason for reduced performance at high altitudes:
- The lower oxygen availability at high altitudes.
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