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Explain why fermentation needs to occur in the absence of air.

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Final answer:

Fermentation is a biochemical process that occurs without oxygen, serving as an alternative means for organisms like bacteria and yeast to maintain glycolysis in the absence of oxygen.


Explanation:

Fermentation is a biochemical process that occurs in the absence of oxygen. In the absence of oxygen, the electron transport system cannot operate to oxidize NADH to NAD+, leading to a halt in glycolysis. Organisms like bacteria and yeast utilize fermentation to produce ethanol from pyruvate under anaerobic conditions, enabling the continuation of glycolysis without oxygen.


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