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Choose one of the following scenarios and answer the questions provided. Support your answers using scientific reasoning and discussing possible impacts to individuals, society, and the environment. Be sure to also discuss any medical or ethical issues that may apply. (10 points)
Scenario 1:

Genetic engineering can be used to create more productive strains of farm animals. By adding genes to an animal's DNA, the animal can be made to produce milk or meat containing vital nutrients that would not be found naturally in those products. This provides a greater amount of nutrients per serving of milk or meat.

Do you think that this type of genetic engineering should be pursued? Explain your answer. (5 points)

What are some possible impacts (positive and negative) of this type of genetic engineering on individuals, society, and the environment? (5 points)

Scenario 2:

In the future, doctors may be able to evaluate your DNA to check for genetic markers related to specific medical conditions or harmful reactions to medications. Your personalized genetic profile could be kept on record and referred to in order to develop personal medical treatment based on your unique DNA sequencing. Scientists have found that just small variations in a specific section of your DNA can help determine how well some medications can work for you or if they would be beneficial at all.

Would you want to have your DNA profile kept in your medical record as a reference for your doctors? Explain your answer. (2 points)

What are potential pros and cons of having such tests done and referring to DNA sequences when determining a patient's medical treatment? (5 points)

Describe how the availability of this technology might affect the frequency of genetic diseases in individuals and populations. (3 points)

Sagot :

This kind of genetic engineering can be pursued, but with caution. Making an animal more resistant to common infections can reduce the need to administer antibiotics, which often ends up in the milk and meat, and can also save money for the farmer. It can result in healthier farm animals that produce more milk and meat. However, in some cases genetic engineering can produce sicklier and weaker offspring than wild type, sometimes as an unforeseen effect of the phenotype, but sometimes as an effect of a weaker DNA molecule that breaks easier. Some consequences of this include reduced fertility and offspring viability. For society, it could be seen as a benefit if it ups the production of milk and meat because it could drive down the cost, since more goods are being produced per farm animal than before. In terms of the environment, it might be beneficial because the antibiotics that would have otherwise been passed through the animal and ended up in animal waste, where it could effect the local ecosystem in a negative way, do not end up doing that since the animal itself is no longer in need of large doses of antibiotics.
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