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Exercise 5.16.1: Coin flips and events. About A coin is flipped four times. For each of the events described below, express the event as a set in roster notation. Each outcome is written as a string of length 4 from {H, T}, such as HHTH. Assuming the coin is a fair coin, give the probability of each event. (a) The first and last flips come up heads. Solution (b) There are at least two consecutive flips that come up heads.

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Answer:

[tex](a)\ Pr = 0.25[/tex]

[tex](b)\ Pr = 0.50[/tex]

Step-by-step explanation:

Given

[tex]Flips = 4[/tex]

First, we calculate the sample size;

The coin has two possible outcomes (i.e. head or tail) and the number of flips is 4.

So, the sample size (N) is:

[tex]N = 2^4[/tex]

[tex]N = 16[/tex]

Solving (a): Probability the outcome of the first and last flip is head.

The possible outcomes for this event are:

[tex]n = \{(HHHH), (HHTH), (HTHH),(HTTH)\}[/tex]

[tex]n(n) = 4[/tex]

The probability is:

[tex]Pr = \frac{n(n)}{N}[/tex]

[tex]Pr = \frac{4}{16}[/tex]

[tex]Pr = 0.25[/tex]

 

Solving (a): Probability that the outcome of at least 2 consecutive flips is head.

The possible outcomes for this event are:

[tex]n = \{(HHHH), (HHHT),(HHTH), (HTHH),(THHH),(TTHH),(HHTT), (THHT)\}[/tex]

[tex]n(n) = 8[/tex]

The probability is:

[tex]Pr = \frac{n(n)}{N}[/tex]

[tex]Pr = \frac{8}{16}[/tex]

[tex]Pr = 0.50[/tex]

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