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I believe you meant "why is the number of shifts multiplied by approximately 4.5 to obtain the total number of operators required to run the plant"
Answer and Explanation:
There are 3 shifts per day, 49 weeks per year and 5 shifts per operator per week
To get total number of operators required to run the plant, we multiply number of shifts in a year by number if operators per shift.
49 weeks×5 shifts= 245 shifts per operator per year
365×3 shifts= 1095 shifts per year
1095/245=4.5 operators per shift
total number of operators required to run the plant(per day) = 4.5×3= 13.5 approximately 14
total number of operators required to run the plant(per year) =4.5×1095=4927.5 approximately 4928