Let's analyze each treatment and the corresponding characteristics step by step:
### Treatment 1:
- Substance 1 was heated and then placed in an ice bath.
- Heating generally activates a substance, and placing it in an ice bath subsequently inactivates it.
- Therefore, an appropriate characterization for Substance 1 is:
- "Substance 1 was activated by the heat and inactivated by ice."
### Treatment 2:
- Substance 2 was first placed in a solution of 2 M salt and later in a solution of 4 M salt to cause a reaction.
- The change from a lower concentration of salt (2 M) to a higher concentration of salt (4 M) signifies a reaction induced by the change in concentration.
- Therefore, an appropriate characterization for Substance 2 is:
- "Substance 2 was activated by the change in concentration."
### Treatment 3:
- Substance 3 was hammered and broken into pieces.
- Hammering and breaking a substance into pieces increases its surface area, allowing for potentially more effective interactions with other substances or reaction conditions.
- Therefore, an appropriate characterization for Substance 3 is:
- "Substance 3 increased the surface area."
Combining these explanations, we get the statement:
- "Substance 1 was activated by the heat and inactivated by ice, Substance 2 was activated by the change in concentration, and Substance 3 increased the surface area."
This matches the last option given in the question. Thus, the correct answer is:
Substance 1 was activated by the heat and inactivated by ice, Substance 2 was activated by the change in concentration, and Substance 3 increased the surface area.
This corresponds to statement number 4.
