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Xylem transports water unidirectionally through cohesion-tension, while phloem moves sugars bidirectionally due to pressure gradients.
Xylem and phloem are vascular tissues in plants responsible for transporting water and nutrients. The unidirectional flow of water and minerals in xylem is due to the cohesion-tension theory, where water moves upwards due to transpiration and cohesion. On the other hand, the bidirectional translocation of food in phloem is enabled by pressure gradients from source to sink areas, ensuring movement in both directions for the distribution of sugars.
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