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Final answer:
Obstructive diseases like emphysema and asthma lead to air trapping, while restrictive diseases like pulmonary fibrosis result in decreased lung volume and can be detected through spirometry tests.
Explanation:
Obstructive diseases such as emphysema and asthma are characterized by a decrease in the rate of airflow into and out of the lungs. These conditions lead to air trapping and high lung volumes after exhalation. On the other hand, restrictive diseases like pulmonary fibrosis result in decreased lung volume and can be diagnosed using spirometry tests.
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